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Friday, February 1, 2013

geografi negara laos



NEGARA LAOS
Sejarah Negara Laos
Awal sejarah Laos didominasi oleh Kerajaan Nanzhao, yang diteruskan pada abad ke-14 oleh kerajaan lokal Lan Xang yang berlangsung hingga abad ke-18, setelah Thailand menguasai kerajaan tersebut. Kemudian Perancis menguasai wilayah ini di abad ke-19 dan menggabungkannya ke dalam Indochina Perancis pada 1893. Setelah penjajahan Jepang selama Perang Dunia II, negara ini memerdekakan diri pada 1949 dengan nama Kerajaan Laos di bawah pemerintahan Raja Sisavang Vong.Keguncangan politik di negara tetangganya Vietnam membuat Laos menghadapi Perang Indochina Kedua yang lebih besar (disebut juga Perang Rahasia) yang menjadi faktor ketidakstabilan yang memicu lahirnya perang saudara dan beberapa kali kudeta. Pada 1975 kaum komunis Pathet Lao yang didukung Uni Soviet dan komunis Vietnam menendang pemerintahan Raja Savang Vatthana dukungan Amerika Serikat dan Perancis. Setelah mengambil alih negara ini, mereka mengganti namanya menjadi Republik Demokratik Rakyat Laos yang masih berdiri hingga saat ini. Laos mempererat hubungannya dengan Vietnam dan mengendurkan larangan ekonominya pada akhir dekade 1980an dan dimasukkan ke dalam ASEAN pada 1997.
Karakteristik Umum
Nama resmi     : Rep. Demokratik Rakyat Laos
Ibukota            : Vientiane
Luas wilayah   : ± 236.800 km²
 penduduk        : 5.635.967 (2002)
Kepadatan       : ± 24 jiwa/km²
Agama             : Mayoritas Budha (50%) dan Tribal, agama-agama lain adalah Islam dan  Kristen
Suku bangsa    : Lao (48%), Mon Khmer (25%), Thai (14%), Meo dan Yao (13%).
Mata uang       : New Kip(KN)
Bahasa            : Laos (bahasa resmi), Palaungwa, dan Tai
Lagu kebangsaan : Sad Lao Tang Te Deum Ma’khun Sulu Sa You Nei Asie
Kemerdekaan  : 19 Juli 1949 (dari penjajah Prancis)
Letak

            Secara astronomis, wilayah Laos terletak antara 14°LU - 22°LU dan 100°BT - 107°BT. Batas Wilayah
Ø  Utara     : Republik Rakyat Cina
Ø  Selatan  : Kamboja
Ø  Timur    : Vietnam
Ø  Barat     : Thailand

 


Keadaan  Alam
Laos adalah satu-satunya negara Asia Tenggara yang terjepit dan tidak punya wilayah laut. Laos berada di sebelah barat
Vietnam, batas sebelah utara adalah Cina. Negara tetangga lain adalah Thailand di sebelah selatan dan Myanmar di barat
laut. Luas wilayah Laos adalah 236.800 km2. Sekitar 70% wilayah Laos berbentuk pegunungan dan terdapat Gunung Bia
setinggi 2.819 meter yang merupakan gunung tertinggi di negara ini. Sekitar 55 persen wilayah ini ditutupi oleh berbagai
jenis hutan, yaitu hutan hujan tropis, hutan bambu, dan hutan yang tercampur dengan vegetasi trop.
Iklim
            Berdasarkan letak astronomisnya, Laos beriklim tropis dengan suhu rata-rata tahunan antara 26 C-28 C. curah hujan rata-rata a1.500 – 2.500 mm per tahun. Laos memiliki 3 musim. Musim hujan pada bulan Juni-Oktober akibat pengaruh angin musim barat daya. Musim kemarau yang sejuk terjadi pada bulan – Februari karena pengaruh angin musim timur. Pada bulan
Maret – Mei terjadi musim pancaroba yang kering.
Geografis
Laos adalah negara yang terhimpit oleh daratan di Asia Tenggara dan diselimuti hutan lebat yang kebanyakan bergunung-gunung, di mana salah satunya yang tertinggi adalah Phou bia dengan ketinggian 2.817 m dari permukaan laut. Laos juga memiliki beberapa dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi. Sungai Mekong membentuk sebagian besar dari perbatasannya dengan Thailand, sementara rangkaian pegunungan dari Rantai Annam membentuk sebagian besar perbatasan timurnya dengan Vietnam.
Bentang Alam
Ø  Barisan pegunungan lipatan yang membujur dari utara ke selatan dengan puncaknya Gunung Phou Bia (2.820 m)









Gunung Phou Bia di Laos
Ø  Lereng pegununga Annam di sebelah timur yang terdiri atas batu-batuan granit berbentuk kristal. Barisan pegunungan kapur terutama di bagian tengah menjadikan pemandangan yang khas di Laos.
Ø  Plato Bolovens (1.500 m) terdapat di bagian selatan yang merupakan batuan basalt.
Ø  Lembah Sungai Mekong di bagian barat merupakan daerah yang sangat subur dan menjadi pusat permukiman penduduk. Sungai Mekong mengalir hampir di seluruh wilayah Laos. Sungai Mekong bermuara di Teluk Tonkin sehingga sungai ini memiliki arti penting bagi perekonomian Laos, khususunya bagi sarana transportasi dan irigasi pertanian.




Lemabah sungai Mekong

Penduduk
            Pada pertengahan tahun 2006, penduduk Laos mencapai 6,1 juta jiwa dengan pertumbuhan penduduk alami rata-rata setiap tahun 2,3%. Kepadatan penduduknya adalah 23 jiwa per km2. Angka kelahiran per tahun adalah 36 sedangkan angka kematian per tahun 13 per 1.000 penduduk.
Suku bangsa yang paling dominan di Laos adalah suku Lao. Suku bangsa lainnya adalah Thai, Meo, Yao,Mon Khimer, cina.Dengan presentase Lao (48%), Mon Khmer (25%), Thai (14%), Meo dan Yao (13%).
Bahasa dan Agama
            Bahasa resmi yang digunakan oleh penduduk Laos adalah bahasa Lao. Agama mayoritas yang dianut oleh penduduk Laos adalah agama Budha (60%) selain aliaran kepercayaan dan aliran komunis yang lainnya.
Bentuk Pemerintahan
            Laos adalah negara Republik dengan presiden sebagai kepala negara dan perdana menteri sebagai kepala pemerintahan. Laos termasuk negara Komunis.
Perekonomian
Ø  Pertanian, kehutanan, dan peternakan
Laos merupakan negara agraris dengan hasil pertanian utamanya seperti padi dengan irigasi modern yang terdapat di sekitar Vientiane. Hasil pertanian utama lainnya seperti jagung yang dihasilkan di provinsi Xieng Khouang dan Houphan, tembakau di dataran Vientiane, kopi di Plato Bolovens, serta kapas di bagian selatan Laos. Hasil pertanian lainnya adalah pisang, kelapa, pepaya, buah-buahan, dan sayur-sayur
            Kayu merupakan hasil hutan utama Laos. Kayu jati dan kayu keras lainnya merupakan barang export yang terpenting. Hasil hutan yang merupakan barang export lainnya adalah getah damar dan minyak balsam.
            Jenis ternak yang banyak di usahakan di Laos meliputi: sapi, kerbau, babi, dan unggas.
Ø  Pertambangan dan perindustrian
Laos kaya akan baha tambang tapi yang sudah dimanfaatkan adalah timah. Hasil tambang lainnya adalah biji besi, tembaga, dan batu bara.
Industri di Laos belum berkembang.
Beberapa industri yang ada meliputi penggergajian, kayu, semen, rokok, minuman, korek api, plastik, dan industri kerajinan.
Ø  Perdagangan
Laos mengeksport barang-barang seperti timah, kayu, kopi hijau, kapur barus, dan kulit. Laos juga mengimpor beras, minyak, mesin-mesin, dan barang-barang konsumsi. Mitra dagang Laos adalah negara Cina, Thailand, Jepang, dan Singapura.
Hubungan Laos Dengan Indonesia
            Kedua negara baru menjalin kerja sama di bidang politik antara lain dengan saling menempatkan duta besarnya di masing-masing negara. Benuk kerja sama yang lain adalah dengan mengadakan kerja sama pada forum ASEAN.

26 comments:

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